21. Cults and ritualistic abuse a touchy subject

By Tom O'Connell

The very word "cult" stirs up strong feelings because so many cults have inflicted so much harm on so many people. But the word "cult" is not synonymous with "evil." According to Webster's New World Dictionary, "cult" simply means "a system of religious worship or ritual; devoted attachment to a person, principle, etc.; a sect."

The most prominent world religions have existed as cults at one time or another, but when participants become numerous we don't call them cults anymore. So the word "cult," as we use it, has a minority ring to it. Perhaps a "suspicious minority."

One of the most fascinating conferences I ever attended was the first National Conference on Cults and Ritualistic Abuse, some years ago when I was serving as national correspondent for the U.S. Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence. Why was I at that conference? There happens to be a connection between drug use and cult rituals.

"The use of drugs in connection with ritual abuse is incredibly prevalent," said David Sakheim, Ph.D., co-founder of the Traumatic Stress Institute in South Windsor, Connecticut. "Parents in cults tend to use drugs with their children at a very early age to enhance the magic and block pain. Among other substances, they use heroin, hallucinogens, and mescaline."

Types of ritual abuse covered at this conference included brainwashing, torture, and ritual sacrifice. Did we think these extremes had disappeared with the advance of civilization into modern times? Lisa Kaplan of Community Program Innovations, who coordinated the conference, said this about ritual abuse: "This abuse is extreme, systematic, organized and deliberate physical, sexual, psychological and spiritual abuse. Any religion or philosophical system can be used to justify it."

Kaplan explained that a conspiracy of silence surrounds cult activities, and even after people leave a cult they are threatened by that conspiracy because they know the "secret." Therapists who treat severely traumatized survivors may face challenges too, reported keynote speaker Louise Edwards, a registered clinical counselor from British Columbia.

Cautioning therapists, Edwards said, "Be aware that when you deal with secretive and shame-based issues, families often take offense." She explained that ritual abuse has been more openly discussed in recent times "because the pioneers in child sexual abuse persisted in raising public awareness."

Common characteristics of ritual abuse affecting children were listed by Edwards:

     Absolute control over the child

     Mind games

     Abuse of power

     Twisted words that say one thing yet mean another

     Insistence that there are certain right ways to do things

     Absolute thinking about worship

     Cruel savagery against children performed in the name of love.

David Sakheim told me that his own interest in trauma victims related to his personal history. His grandparents were killed in Nazi Germany. Here are some highlights of the information he delivered:

* "Satanic ritual abuse includes pacts with the devil, signatures written in blood, tattoos on parts of the body such as the genitals, 'voluntary' tortures, rape, physical abuse, and isolation in closets. 'Voluntary' means the person has to say he or she wants to be hurt; they have to say they like it."

* "...they actually believe that by torturing people they help them to get special powers that make them stronger."

* "I've never seen anyone into Satanism who wasn't also into drugs. And I've seen many who were into pornography, creating it and using it for themselves and others."

* "A woman had to watch a cow's tongue being cut out, then wear that tongue all evening. She was warned that if she broke secrecy her own tongue would be cut out."

* "Such assaults on the psyche often trigger personality dissociation, So, many ritual abuse survivors suffer from multiple personality disorder. When people reach the breaking point, psychological dissociation sets in and personalities emerge that can accept the teaching of the cult."

* "Members are told to throw morality out the window and just do what they want to do."

* "Most survivors come from families with a long history. That's why they're so hard to document."
* "Treatment for survivors is an extremely sensitive undertaking. As in other forms of post-traumatic stress recovery, the process of remembering helps solve the problem."

In addition to the challenges faced by therapists when patients' "alter" personalities begin to emerge, there are problem of knowing what medication to consider. "Nobody knows anything about meds for this disorder," said Sakheim.

The challenge of dealing with the fallout from what may be generations of untreated impairment is summed up in Sakheim's comment: "Ritual abuse survivors average seven years in the mental health system before they are diagnosed."

Obviously, this is a subject most people would prefer to ignore and not even hear about. But the dark side of the human personality needs to be acknowledged in order to deal with the harmful outcomes that result from every kind of abuse. Regardless of the rationalized reasons usually given for abuse, no excuse is really acceptable, and victims often remain scarred even after they have attained freedom from abuse. Great compassion is needed for those who have suffered from ritualistic abuse, whether they have left their families to join an extremist group, or if they have suffered from this abuse in their own family unit. They deserve our deep concern.

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