4. Canadian journal provides look at the big picture

By Tom O'Connell

The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto publishes an excellent Journal that provides thought-provoking articles on relevant developments in research, education, and clinical care. Here are some excerpts for you to think about:

* Youth gambling skyrockets...Between five and eight percent of Canadian and U.S. adolescents have a serious gambling problem, new studies suggest. This compares with rates ranging from one to three percent among adults, according to researchers at Montreal's McGill University and the University of Minnesota, who presented their results at the American Psychological Association meeting in August. McGill researchers found that 35 percent of adolescents gambled at least once a week, and that the gamblers were far more likely to drink alcohol, smoke cigarettes or consume drugs.

* Official call for heroin trial...Senior officials in British Columbia are calling for an immediate expansion of methadone programs and for a controlled heroin prescription trial, in the wake of more than 200 heroin-related deaths in the first six months of 1998....The federal government would have to authorize any heroin prescription trials.

* The Prozac versus placebo debate; faith, not drugs, helps conquer depression, researchers say...Drs. Irving Kirsch and Guy Sapirstein contend that 75 percent of the beneficial effects of antidepressant medication can be ascribed to placebo effect--the strong belief that drugs work--and only 25 percent to actual changes in brain chemistry. Dr. Kirsch, of the University of Connecticut, and Dr. Sapirstein of
Westwood Lodge Hospital (Massachusetts), drew their conclusions after analyzing data from 19 randomized, placebo-controlled studies involving 2,318 patients being treated for depression with either antidepressants or placebos. Their findings, published in the American Psychological Association's new electronic journal Prevention & Treatment, have fueled an already heated debate about the effectiveness of antidepressants.

* Impaired drivers sentenced to get help...Starting this fall, convicted impaired drivers in Ontario are being required to attend either an education or treatment program before their drivers' licenses can be reinstated.

* Smoking linked to Alzheimer's...Smokers are twice as likely to develop Alzheimer's disease and dementia as non-smokers, according to a Dutch study. Researchers examined 6,870 people aged 55 and older in a Rotterdam suburb who initially did not have dementia....During follow-up about two years later, 146 cases of dementia were detected, of which 105 were Alzheimer's disease. Researchers found that smokers tended to develop dementia earlier than nonsmokers, former smokers were also at slightly higher risk than those who had never smoked, and men had a greater risk than women.

* Additional fetal alcohol risks...Exposing a fetus to alcohol may increase the likelihood that the baby will become dependent on alcohol or other drugs as an adult, one of the first studies of its kind suggests. Researchers found that fetal alcohol exposure increased adult symptoms of drug, alcohol and tobacco use--even after controlling for gender, environmental effects, genetic risk and other factors. 

If you'd like to chase additional information available from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto, try using www.camh.net.

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